跨国公司反海外贿赂的相关规制研究

Research on the Relevant Regulations of Transnational Corporations’ Anti-Overseas Bribery

随着世界各国的跨国公司在全球经济一体化中所起作用愈发重要,跨国公司这一经济主体已经成为了经济全球化进程中不可忽视的存在。但跨国公司在进行目标地国本土化的经营管理活动中经常会存在“灰色地带”,例如向目标地国当地行政人员行贿的违法行为。显然,这种贿赂行为从本质上背离了自由市场经济公平竞争的要求,破坏了正常的市场交易秩序。而且此种商业贿赂附在产物便是恶性竞争,这剥夺了其他合法竞争者平等交易的机会,破坏了市场的商业秩序,使合法经营的其他企业难以为继。本文对这类贿赂行为到底是属于跨国公司“入乡随俗”还是“本性难改”,在下文中将逐一进行分析。此外,通过对美国《反海外贿赂法》(FCPA)以及英国的《反贿赂法》(UKBA)进行对比分析,剖析英美国家法律对跨国公司海外贿赂行为的规制。

With the increasingly important role played by multinational corporations in the global economic integration, multina-tional corporations have become an economic entity that cannot be ignored in the process of eco-nomic globalization. However, multinational corporations often have “gray areas” in the localized management activities in the target countries. Obviously, this kind of bribery essentially deviates from the requirements of fair competition in the free market economy and destroys the normal or-der of market transactions. In this paper, we will analyze whether such bribery belongs to “follow-ing local customs” or “hard to change their nature” in the following. In addition, a comparative analysis of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and the U.K. Bribery Act (UKBA) will be conducted to analyze how the U.K. and U.S. laws regulate foreign bribery.