刑事鉴定启动权配置方式研究——以刘某某死亡案为视角

Study on the Mode of Allocation of Starting Right of Criminal Appraisal—From the Perspective of Liu’s Death Case

在刑事诉讼中,刑事鉴定请求权行使是实施鉴定的关键一步。根据《刑事诉讼法》第一百四十八条规定,当事人缺少首次鉴定权利,刑事司法鉴定启动权配置存在不足,基本被公检法垄断并且缺少有效的机制对该权力的行使进行监督,当事人救济权等正当权利被剥夺,稳定的控辩审三角结构被打破。根据国情和域外立法,建议赋予当事人初次刑事鉴定申请权,限制侦查机关鉴定启动权,加强检察机关监督职能,消极化法院启动权并建立强制鉴定机制。

In the criminal procedure, the exercise of the right of request is a key step in the implementation of the forensic appraisal. According to the provisions of Article 148 of the Criminal Procedure Law, the parties lack the right to make the first appraisal, the allocation of the starting right of criminal judicial appraisal is insufficient, the public prosecution law basically monopolizes, and there is no effective mechanism to supervise the exercise of the power, the parties are deprived of legitimate rights such as the right to remedy, and the stable triangular structure of prosecution, defense and trial is broken. According to the national conditions and foreign legislation, it is suggested to grant the parties the right to apply for the initial criminal appraisal, restrict the investigative organs’ right to initiate the appraisal, strengthen the supervision function of procuratorial organs, negate the court’s right to initiate the appraisal and establish a compulsory appraisal mechanism.