第三人欺诈下缔约过失责任的适用

Application of Contractual Negligence Liability under Third-Party Fraud

法律规范从来并不是单独的存在,法条在适用过程中往往以各种方式相关联。缔约过失因其与欺诈在某种效果上的重合,两者如何进行体系化适用涉及学理与实务,有关讨论自原《合同法》延续至了《民法典》。即使认为缔约过失与欺诈的目的、表现形式不同,学者们还是基本赞同了法律适用中缔约过失责任就是欺诈行为撤销后的损害赔偿责任的表现形式。欺诈与缔约过失责任制度在法律后果上的交叉,易联系到第三人欺诈与第三人缔约过失责任制度。以欺诈制度与缔约过失的关系为起点,第三人欺诈情形中欺诈人是否有可能承担缔约过失责任,进而论述第三人缔约过失责任制度在我国民法体系中的定位问题。

Legal norms never exist in isolation, and legal provisions are often related in various ways in the process of application. Because contractual negligence and fraud overlap in certain effects, how to systematically apply the two involves theory and practice, and the relevant discussion has continued from the original Contract Law to the Civil Code. Even if it is considered that contractual negligence and fraud have different purposes and manifestations, scholars still basically agree that contractual negligence liability in the application of law is the manifestation of liability for damages after the revocation of fraud. The intersection of the legal consequences of fraud and contractual fault liability systems is easily linked to third-party fraud and third-party contractual fault liability systems. Taking the relationship between the fraud system and contractual negligence as the starting point of research, this paper puts forward the idea of whether the fraudster is likely to bear the liability for contractual negligence in the case of third-party fraud, and then discusses the positioning of the third-party contractual fault liability system in China’s civil law system.