《民法典》遗产管理人制度探讨

Disquisition of the Civil Code’s System of Estate Administrators

《民法典》出台后从立法层面确立了遗产管理人制度,一定程度上缓解了继承纠纷频出的局面,但是目前我国遗产管理人制度仍然存在选任与辞任限制过分严苛、管理人独立程度不够、职责模糊不清以及过分保守并不符合当下经济发展状况和遗产管理人责任性质不清等问题,本文拟运用规范分析法、比较法以及实证法角度出发,认为对于遗产管理人的选任应当放宽限制允许代理、管理人的辞任应当分情况予以不同对待、管理人独立地位应当以立法方式予以明确、职责方面应当赋予管理人更加清晰和灵活自主的方式选择、责任方面应当分情况将责任性质明确以便权利人寻求救济。

After the promulgation of the Civil Code, the administrator system was established at the legislative level, which alleviated the situation of frequent inheritance disputes to a certain extent. However, at present, China’s administrator system still has the problems of overly strict restrictions on the selection and resignation of administrators, insufficient degree of independence of administrators, ambiguous duties and excessive conservatism that is not in line with the current state of economic development, and the nature of the responsibility of administrators is not clear. From the perspectives of analytical, comparative and empirical approaches, this paper argues that the selection of administrators should be relaxed to allow agency, the resignation of administrators should be treated differently according to different situations, the independence of administrators should be clarified by legislation, administrators should be given clearer, more flexible and autonomous choices of duties, and the nature of liability should be clarified according to different situations to facilitate the rights holders to seek remedies.