著作权拒绝许可的反垄断法规制

Antitrust Regulation of Copyright Refusal to License

著作权利人在上游版权市场获得独家版权后,若利用市场支配地位拒绝转许可给其他平台版权,可能会造成下游市场出现竞争损害,最终损害消费者福利。反垄断法规制的市场行为的主要表现为损害了消费者福利,反垄断法与版权法在促进创新上具有目的一致性,在交易自由层面却存在价值矛盾性:版权法赋予作者对其作品任意支配的排他权,而竞争法基于竞争损害的考量,会对作者的权利自由做出限制。基于必需设施理论可以更好的帮助我们理解著作权独家版权拒绝许可行为,必要设施理论是著作作为欧盟在处理拒绝许可问题时的流行理论在我国影响深远,甚至将其部分编入立法。因此,政府在对相关问题进行规制时应严格适用必需设施理论要件,既考量行为在竞争上的违法性,又兼顾在版权和市场经济层面的权利自由。

After obtaining the exclusive copyright in the upstream copyright market, if the copyright holder refuses to sublicense the copyright to other platforms by taking advantage of its dominant market position, it may cause damage to competition in the downstream music communication market and ultimately harm the welfare of consumers. The antimonopoly law and copyright law have the same purpose in promoting innovation, but have contradictory values in the level of trading freedom: copyright law gives authors the right to arbitrarily dominate their works, while competition law will restrict the author’s right to freedom based on the consideration of competition damage. The essential facilities theory, as a popular theory in dealing with the refusal of permits in the European Union, has far-reaching influence in our country, and even part of it has been codified into legislation. Therefore, the government should strictly apply the necessary facilities theory when regulating related issues, considering not only the illegality of the behavior in competition, but also the right freedom in the level of copyright and market economy.