保证合同中对保证人的保护

Protection of the Guarantor in the Warranty Contract

保证合同具有典型的单务性、无偿性、风险性,保证人因保证合同将承担巨大的风险与责任。《中华人民共和国民法典》1颁布后,进一步完善了保证制度体系。本文将结合《民法典》规定,从保证合同订立到履行的全过程来论述如何实现对保证人的保护:首先,在订立保证合同时,根据《民法典》第685条规定,保证合同必须具备书面形式,以使保证人知晓风险、避免其轻率缔约;其次,在保证合同履行过程中,保证人的抗辩权是其对抗债权人请求最直接最有力的手段。其中,《民法典》第702条新增保证人可以在债务人对债权人享有的抵销权和撤销权范围内免责的规定,宜进一步将债务人的其他形成权也纳入其中;最后,保证人履行保证债务后,保证人根据《民法典》第700条对债务人享有追偿权和代位权,承认保证人可享有债权人对债务人的从权利有利于解决信贷交易实践问题,上述前提是保证人与债务人之间存在如委托合同的基础关系。

The guarantee contract has typical single service, free and risk, and the guarantor will bear huge risks and responsibilities due to the guarantee contract. Since The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China has been promulgated, the guarantee system has been further improved. This article will combine the civil code provisions, from the guarantee contract to discuss how to realize the protection of the guarantor: first, in the guarantee contract, according to the civil code, article 685, the contract must have written form, to make the guarantor know the risk, avoid its rash contracting;Second, in the process of guaranteeing the performance of the contract, the right of defense of the guarantor is the most direct and powerful means to counter the request of the creditors. Among them, the new guarantor in Article 702 of the Civil Code can further include the other formation rights of the debtor from the debtor to the creditor. Finally, after the guarantor performs the guaranteed debt, the guarantor can enjoy the right of recourse and subrogation to the debtor according to Article 700 of the Civil Code, and recognizes that the guarantor can enjoy the rights of the creditor to the debtor to solve the practical problems of credit transaction, and the above premise is the basic relationship between the guarantor and the debtor such as the commission contract.