《民法典》无因管理中本人追认问题之研究

Research on the Problem of Personal Recognition in Management without Cause in the Civil Code

《中华人民共和国民法典》(以下简称《民法典》)首次增设了七条无因管理之内容,一定程度上填补了之前的空白,但由于较多沿用台湾地区之规定,存在一些错误之沿用。故需结合无因管理背后之原理,来合理地解释适用现有条文之规定。首先,无因管理所追认的对象仅限于不适法无因管理,当本人主张对管理利益的移交时即构成追认。其次,因为追认之功能在于弥补本人意思之欠缺,故追认后应适用适法无因管理之规定。《民法典》第980条应包括不适法和不真正无因管理,得利范围上只有不真正无因管理在本人主张管理利益时需以本人得利为限。最后,《民法典》第984条语义不明,所要解决的问题也被《民法典》第980条所囊括,故并无存在之必要。

The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the “Civil Code”) adds seven articles on management without cause for the first time, which to some extent filled the previous gap. But due to the continuation of the provisions of the Taiwan region, there are some erroneous follow-ups. This needs to be reasonably explained in conjunction with the principle of causeless management. First of all, the object of recognition of causeless management is only unlawful causeless management, and the transfer of management interests by myself constitutes recognition. Secondly, the function of recognition is to make up for the lack of one’s intention, so the provisions on lawless management should be applied after recognition. Article 980 of the Civil Code should include unlawful causeless and management without real cause, and only management without real cause should be limited to the benefit of the person who claims the management interest. Finally, the meaning of Article 984 of the Civil Code is unclear, and the issues addressed are covered by Article 980 of the Civil Code, so there is no need for its existence.