论影视作品改编中改编权与保护作品完整权的冲突与协调

The Conflict and Harmonization between the Right of Adaptation and the Right to Protect the Integrity of Works in the Adaptation of Cinematographic Works

随着互联网产业与市场经济的繁荣发展,大量文学作品被改编为影视作品。在此情况下,原作者主张制作者行使改编权而侵犯其保护作品完整权的侵权纠纷多发。改编权的财产权属性、保护作品完整权的人身权属性分属于两个不同主体是该类侵权纠纷产生的根本原因。保护作品完整权侵权标准主要有主观标准与客观标准。根据我国的现行法,在司法实践中不宜完全采用客观标准。为协调两者之间的冲突,应优先使用转让合同与许可合同进行调整,充分尊重当事人的意思自治;在侵权认定标准中,以客观标准中的损害作者声誉作为主要考量因素兼采主观标准——以作者显而易见的主要思想感情为限,但这一要素必须要严格限制,从一般理性人的角度进行判断,不能由其任意扩张。

With the prosperous development of the Internet industry and market economy, many literary works have been adapted into movie and television works. Under such circumstances, there are many infringement disputes in which the original authors claim that the producers have violated their right to protect the integrity of their works by exercising the right of adaptation. The property right attribute of the right of adaptation and the personal right attribute of the right to protection of the integrity of the work belong to two different subjects, which is the fundamental reason for such infringement disputes. The infringement standard of the right to protect the integrity of the work is mainly subjective standard and objective standard. According to China’s current law, it is not appropriate to fully adopt the objective standard in judicial practice. In order to coordinate the conflict between the two, priority should be given to using transfer contracts and license contracts for adjustment, and fully respecting the party’s autonomy. In the infringement of the standard, the objective standard of the damage to the author’s reputation is the main considerations of the subjective standard—limited to the author’s obvious main ideas and feelings. However, this element must be strictly limited and judged from the point of view of a reasonable person in general, and cannot be expanded arbitrarily.