论网络爬虫行为不正当竞争定性的限制适用

On the Application of Restrictions on the Characterization of Unfair Competition in Web Crawler Behavior

企业通过网络爬虫获取数据的行为既促进信息共享,也存在不正当竞争的风险。实务中对企业网络爬虫不正当竞争行为的认定具有宽泛化、低门槛的特征。对数据抓取行为的过度限制会造成信息壁垒,增加企业经营成本,阻碍市场经济活力的发挥。网络爬虫“不正当竞争”行为的认定,应以“保护市场竞争”为核心,突破传统以“权利侵害”为标准的定性模式,审慎适用“不正当行为”的认定。只有明确《反不正当竞争法》第2条的解释路径和“不正当行为”的实质定性方法,才能最终实现法律允许范围内数据的有效共享,促进数据经济的健康发展。

The behavior of enterprises obtaining data through web crawler not only promotes information sharing, but also has the risk of unfair competition. In practice, the identification of the unfair competition behavior of the enterprise network crawler has the characteristics of broad generalization and low threshold. Excessive restriction of data capture behavior will cause information barriers, increase the operating cost of enterprises, and hinder the vitality of the market economy. The identification of “unfair competition” behavior of web crawler should take “protecting market competition” as the core, break through the traditional qualitative mode of “right infringement” as the standard, and should apply the identification of “improper behavior” prudently. Only by clarifying the interpretation path of Article 2 of the “Anti-Unfair Competition Law” and the substantive qualitative method of “unfair behavior”, can we finally realize the effective sharing of data within the scope permitted by the law and promote the healthy development of data economy.