公司法视阈下不公平关联交易的救济路径研探

Exploring Remedial Paths for Unfair Related-Party Transactions in the Perspective of Company Law

关联交易的主体具有特定性,其通常发生于具有关联关系的企业之间。关联关系在《公司法》中的实定法规定是公司控股股东、实际控制人、董事、监事、高级管理人员与其直接或者间接控制的企业之间的关系,以及可能导致公司利益转移的其他关系。在应对纷繁复杂的损害赔偿纠纷时,立法规定显得过于抽象模糊,不能针对性解决问题。在现行司法实践中,部分公司大股东、实际控制人和主要管理人员利用与公司的关联关系和控制地位,迫使公司与自己或者其他关联方从事不利的交易,以达到挪用公司资金、转嫁风险、非法获利的不正当目的,严重损害公司、少数股东和债权人的合法权益。是以,在公司法视阈下探讨不公平关联交易的救济路径主要有以下两条:不公平交易之侵权损害赔偿责任及否认效力。

The subjects involved in related-party transactions typically occur between affiliated enterprises. Affiliation, as statutorily defined in the “Company Law”, en-compasses relationships between the company’s controlling shareholders, actual controllers, di-rectors, supervisors, senior management, entities directly or indirectly controlled by them, and other relationships that might lead to the transfer of company interests. Legislation addressing the intricate issues of damages compensation disputes appears excessively abstract and vague, lacking specificity to effectively address the problems. In current judicial practice, certain major share-holders, actual controllers, and key management personnel exploit their affiliation with the company and their controlling positions, compelling the company to engage in disadvantageous trans-actions with themselves or other related parties, aiming to misappropriate company funds, shift risks, and unlawfully profit for improper purposes, severely damaging the legitimate rights and in-terests of the company, minority shareholders, and creditors. Therefore, within the purview of company law, the exploration of remedial paths for unfair related-party transactions primarily in-volves two avenues: liability for damages due to unfair transactions and the denial of effectiveness.