数字音乐版权独家授权协议的反垄断法分析

Antitrust Law Analysis of Exclusive Licensing Agreements in Digital Music Copyrights

在版权局发布盗版禁令后,各大平台持续对数字音乐版权资源进行抢夺,独家授权协议已成为最为普遍的交易形式,这也同时引起了业界对于独家协议模式的反垄断担忧。在判断独家协议的违法性时应当遵循合理原则,只有在独家协议对市场竞争产生的消极影响大于积极影响,并且实质上排除、限制了相关市场竞争时,协议才能被认定为违法。不能只顾风险而忽略独家协议在促进竞争中的作用。在判断平台是否具有市场支配地位时,应充分考虑音乐版权市场的特殊性来确定其支配地位,并且通过“实质封锁程度”来判断实际造成的排除限制效果。

After the Copyright Bureau issued a ban on piracy, major platforms have continuously vied for digital music copyright resources, and exclusive licensing agreements have become the most common form of transaction. This has also raised concerns in the industry about the anti-monopoly implications of exclusive agreement models. When assessing the legality of exclusive agreements, a reasonable principle should be followed. An agreement can only be deemed illegal if the negative impact on market competition outweighs the positive impact, and if it substantially excludes or restricts competition in the relevant market. The risk of exclusive agreements should not overshadow their role in promoting competition. In determining whether a platform has a dominant market position, the particularities of the music copyright market should be fully considered. The dominant position should be determined, and the actual exclusion and restriction effects should be assessed through the “degree of substantial blockade.”