按份共有人优先购买权制度研究

Study on Preemption Right System of Co-Owners by Share

我国《民法典》第305条、第306条规定了按份共有人的优先购买权制度。转让人有权向按份共有人之外的第三人转移其对共有物享有的共有份额,但对其他按份共有人需承担通知义务。其余的按份共有人可以在相同条件下享有购买共有份额的优先权,并且应当在合理期限内行使。优先购买权属于形成权,一旦行使即在转让人和其他按份共有人之间产生以同等条件为内容的转让合同。优先购买权存在形成效果和优先效果。在拍卖情况下,按份共有人对优先购买权的行使有其自身适用规则。明确以上问题,有助于提高该制度的可操作性,实现立法目的。

Article 305 and 306 of the Civil Code of our country stipulate the system of preemption right according to the share of the co-owner. The assignor shall have the right to transfer its share of the common property to a third party other than the co-owners, but shall bear the obligation to notify the other co-owners. The remaining co-owners by share may enjoy the right of priority to purchase the shares under the same conditions and shall exercise it within a reasonable period of time. The right of preemption belongs to the right of formation, and once exercised, an assignment contract with the same conditions will be generated between the assignor and other co-owners by share. The preemption right has the forming effect and the preemption effect. In the case of auction, co-owners by share have their own applicable rules for the exercise of preemption right. To clarify the above problems is helpful to improve the operability of the system and realize the legislative purpose.