自甘风险适用标准研究

Study on the Criteria for the Application of the Assumption of Risk

《中华人民共和国民法典》第一千一百七十六条正式确立了我国制定法上的自甘风险规则。该条文明确了自甘风险规则的适用条件,但在适用范围和构成要件上仍存在理解和适用的争议。本文着重对自甘风险规则的适用范围和构成要件进行研究,认为应当对适用范围做限缩解释,并支持自甘风险规则的构成要件包括受害人认识到风险、受害人自愿冒险、损害因固有风险而引起和加害人主观不存在故意或重大过失。

Article 1,176 of the Civil Code formally establishes the assumption of risk in the formulation of law in China. This article clarifies the application conditions of assumption of risk, but there are still disputes on the scope and components of application. This paper focuses on the study of the scope of application and constitutive elements of the assumption of risk, and be-lieves that the scope of application should be interpreted in a limited way, and the constitutive elements supporting the assumption of risk include the victim’s awareness of the risk, the victim’s voluntary risk, the damage caused by the inherent risk, and the perpetrator’s subjective is not intention or gross negligence.