《民法典》显失公平条款的解释论

Interpretation of the Manifest Injustice Provisions of the Civil Code

我国《民法典》第一百五十一条承继了我国《民法总则》中对于显失公平法律行为的规定,采用“双重要件说”对显失公平的构成进行规范。然而由于该条款中相关概念内涵不明,导致在相关纠纷中法官就认定案涉法律行为是否构成显失公平缺乏统一标准,未来相似判决缺乏可预见性等一系列负面后果。为解决这些问题,本文拟采用文义解释、目的解释、体系解释等多种方法对《民法典》显失公平条款作出解释,根据我国显失公平的制度功能,尝试对该条款中的主客观要件的内涵做具体界定,对其中学界尚存的争议问题做出讨论,同时分析显失公平条款在《民法典》中的体系定位,依据对其立法功能与构成要件的具体界定,论述该条款与其他意思瑕疵相关制度和其他不公平合同条款的规制制度在体系和适用上的关联。

Article 151 of China’s Civil Code inherits the provisions of China’s General Principles of Civil Law on the legal act of manifest injustice, and adopts the “two-important elements” to regulate the composition of manifest injustice. However, due to the provision of the relevant concepts of the connotation of uncertainty, there is a lack of unified standards for judges to determine whether the legal act constitutes manifest injustice in related disputes, and a series of negative consequences such as the lack of predictability of future similar judgements. In order to solve these problems, this paper intends to adopt textual interpretation, purpose interpretation, system interpretation and other methods to explain the Civil Code’s manifestly unfair provisions, according to China’s manifestly unfair system function, try to make a specific definition of the connotation of the subjective and objective elements of the provisions, to discuss the controversial issues that still exist in the academic community, and at the same time, to analyse the system positioning of the manifestly unfair provisions in the Civil Code’s, and based on the specific definition of its legislative function and constituent elements, it discusses the connection between this clause and other systems related to defects of meaning and other unfair contract clauses in terms of system and application.