分离原则下冒名行为的体系展开

Development of the System of Impostor Legal Behavior under the Principle of Separation

冒用他人名义实施的法律行为于民法上产生何种效果,学界目前的主流观点有二:代理行为说与善意取得说。其中代理行为说较为典型,将冒名行为的私法效果依据相对方的身份注意程度,从而适用不同的制度规则。随着社会经济的不断发展,冒名行为的类型层出不穷,例如冒用他人名义处分自己之物时,现有的学说难以进行妥善的处理,对此,需要回归到法律行为本身,依据分离原则将冒名行为分为冒名负担行为与冒名处分行为,通过解释当事人的表意内容确定行为类型与法律关系主体,进而明确负担行为中的冒名实为欺诈,处分行为中的冒名实为无权处分,从而清晰法律关系,权衡保障当事人间的利益,得出更精确且具说服力的观点。

At present, there are two mainstream viewpoints about the effect of legal acts carried out in the name of others on civil law: the theory of agency act and the theory of bona fide acquisition. The agency act theory is a typical one. The private law effect of the impersonation act is based on the identity attention of the opposite party, so different institutional rules can be applied. With the continuous development of social economy, there are endless types of impersonation behavior. For example, when disposing of one’s own property in the name of others, it is difficult to properly deal with the existing theories. In this regard, it is necessary to return to the legal behavior itself and divide the impersonation behavior into the impersonation burden behavior and the impersonation disposition behavior according to the principle of separation. By explaining the expressive content of the parties, the type of behavior and the subject of legal relationship are determined, and then it is clear that the false name in the burden behavior is actually fraud, and the false name in the disposition behavior is actually the right to dispose, so as to clarify the legal relationship, weigh and protect the interests of the parties, and get a more accurate and persuasive point of view.