法律漏洞的司法填补——以我国指导性案例为例

Judicial Filling of Legal Loopholes—Taking Guiding Cases in China’s Mainland as an Example

随着社会生活的日益精细化、复杂化,成文的法律规范越来越难以完全适应社会发展的需求,法律漏洞的存在不可避免。法律漏洞理论经历了从概念法学到利益法学的确立以及违反计划的不圆满性这一认定标准的提出与细化。指导性案例在填补法律漏洞方面上具有独特优势,然现实中指导性案例数量少,法律漏洞填补方法运用不明显,在填补法律漏洞的示范性上有待加强。本文试图通过对法律漏洞的理论梳理,综合得出法律漏洞认定标准,分析判断既存的民事、行政指导性裁判案件体现出的法律漏洞以及相关指导性案例中法官如何进行法律漏洞的填补,以期提升后续类似法律漏洞出现时参照引用指导性案例的比例,进一步发挥指导性案例的示范作用。

With the increasing refinement and complexity of social life, it is difficult for written legal norms to fully meet the needs of social development, and the existence of legal loopholes is inevitable. The theory of legal loopholes has gone through the establishment of conceptual jurisprudence to interest jurisprudence, and the violation of the unsatisfactory nature of the determination of the standard proposed and refined. Guiding cases have unique advantages in filling legal loopholes, but in reality, the number of guiding cases is small, the method of filling legal loopholes is not obvious, and the guidance in filling legal loopholes needs to be strengthened. This paper attempts to the legal loopholes through the theoretical combing, comprehensive legal loopholes identified standards, analyze the existing civil, administrative guiding decisions in the case of legal loopholes and guiding cases of how the judge to fill the legal loopholes, with a view to enhance the subsequent similar legal loopholes when the emergence of the proportion of reference to cite guiding cases, and to further give play to the demonstration role of guiding cases.