大数据时代公民肖像权的法律保护——以“AI换脸”淫秽视频为切入点

Legal Protection of Citizens’ Portrait Rights in the Era of Big Data —With “AI for Face” Obscene Videos as the Starting Point

在大数据时代下,随着我国数据技术的发展,各类软件的广泛运用,侵犯公民肖像权的事件时有发生,AI换脸视频在各大娱乐软件中疯狂转发,尤其是利用AI换脸技术替换黄色影片中的人脸,嫁接一些娱乐明星等公众人物的肖像在淫秽视频中进行广泛传播尤为常见,辨别是非能力较差的人们很容易受到侵权行为的蛊惑。在我国数据法、有关的立法上对肖像权的保护具有一定的局限性和法律空白,肖像权是自然人所特有的人格权,在我国当前的法律中没有明确作出关于侵犯公民肖像权的网络传播的有关范围标准和是否侵犯公民肖像权的有关界限,在当代现实社会中,对运用网络技术传播他人的肖像的行为很难作出判定。本文将通过浅析公民肖像权的内涵,以肖像权的侵权行为等方面为切入点,探求公民肖像权的使用及保护的合理路径,以加强对公民“外貌”的保护力度,适应大数据时代对肖像保护的需要。

In the era of big data, with the development of China’s data technology and the wide application of various types of software, incidents of infringement of citizens’ portrait rights have occurred from time to time. AI face-changing videos have been wildly forwarded in major entertainment software, especially the use of AI face-changing technology to replace faces in yellow films and grafting portraits of public figures such as entertainment stars in obscene videos is particularly common. People with poor ability to distinguish right from wrong are easily seduced by infringement. In China’s data law and relevant legislation, the protection of portrait right has certain limitations and legal gaps. Portrait right is the unique personality right of natural persons. For China’s current law, there is no clear scope standard for the network communication of infringing citizens’ portrait right and the relevant boundary of whether infringing citizens’ portrait right. It is difficult to judge the use of Internet technology to disseminate the image of another person. This paper will analyze the connotation of citizens’ portrait right, from the infringement of portrait right and other aspects as the starting point, explore the reasonable path of the use and protection of citizens’ portrait right, so as to strengthen the protection of citizens’ “appearance” and meet the needs of portrait protection in the era of big data.