我国商标共存法律制度的法理逻辑与建构完善——基于典型案例的类型化分析

Jurisprudential Logic and Constructive Perfection of China’s Trademark Coexistence Legal System—Typological Analysis Based on Typical Cases

商标共存是权利人在生产实践和市场经营中摸索出的新型商标利用模式:同一法域内的不同市场主体因历史渊源、法律原因及共存协议等因素而承认商标共存。商标共存本质上属于商标权利的共存,形成了对传统商标法律制度的挑战。通过分析商标共存的理论困境与争议焦点,即混淆可能性、商标识别功能、经营主体垄断等情况。以此为逻辑起点,探析商标共存立法引入的可行性与必要性:商标共存本质上是市场经营的现实产物,蕴含着理性经营主体的意思自治,有助于化解潜在的商标侵权纠纷,同时形成以市场为主导的商业布局和经营模式。在此基础上得出结论,结合域外立法经验、我国现实国情与实务经验,建构与完善我国商标共存法律制度,从而实现商标权益各相关方的包容性增长。

Trademark coexistence is a new type of trademark utilisation model developed by right holders in production practice and market operation: different market entities in the same jurisdiction recognise trademark coexistence due to factors such as historical origin, legal reasons and coexistence agreements. Trademark coexistence essentially belongs to the coexistence of trademark rights, forming a challenge to the traditional trademark legal system. By analysing the theoretical dilemmas and controversial focuses of trademark coexistence, i.e. likelihood of confusion, trademark identification function, monopoly of business entities and other situations, and taking this as the logical starting point, the feasibility and necessity of the introduction of trademark coexistence legislation are analysed: trademark coexistence is essentially a product of the reality of market operation, which implies the autonomy of meaning of rational business subjects, and helps to resolve potential trademark infringement disputes, while at the same time, forming a market-driven business layout and mode of operation. On this basis, it is concluded that the legal system of trademark coexistence in China should be constructed and improved by combining overseas legislative experience, China's actual national conditions and practical experience, so as to achieve inclusive growth of all parties involved in trademark rights and interests.