论国际海底矿产资源的法律地位

On the Legal Status of the Mineral Resources of the International Seabed

随着科学技术的发展,人类开始意识到陆地并非矿物资源的唯一来源,各国对国际海底矿产资源的开发利用都十分重视。在这种背景下,确定国家管辖范围以外的深海海底矿产资源的法律地位成为当下的首要问题。相比于将其定位为“共有物”,随着《联合国海洋法公约》的颁布,“人类共同继承财产”这一概念更符合当下国际社会对国际海底矿产资源的法律定位。但鉴于“人类共同继承财产”理念在实践中存在弊端,该理论需要经过改进完善才能更好地解决南北冲突以及对海洋资源的养护。为更好地保证“人类共同继承财产”理念、完善国际海底矿产资源管理机制,有必要倡导开采机会平等,设立合理的鼓励机制并由管理机构进行监督制约,注重深海底矿产资源的使用价值,在合作共赢的国际交流背景下实现全人类海洋勘探开发利用技术的进步。With the development of science and technology, mankind has begun to realize that land is not the only source of mineral resources, and all countries attach great importance to the development and utilization of international seabed mineral resources. In this context, the determination of the legal status of the mineral resources of the deep seabed beyond the limits of national jurisdiction has become a primary issue at present. With the promulgation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the concept of “common heritage of mankind” is more in line with the current legal positioning of the international community on the mineral resources of the international seabed than positioning it as a “common good”. However, in view of the shortcomings of the concept of “common inheritance of mankind” in practice, this theory needs to be improved, in order to better resolve the conflict between the North and the South and the conservation of marine resources. In order to better ensure the concept of “common heritage of mankind” and improve the international seabed mineral resources management mechanism, it is necessary to advocate equal mining opportunities, establish a reasonable incentive mechanism and supervise and restrict it by the management agency, pay attention to the use value of deep seabed mineral resources, and realize the progress of marine exploration, development and utilization technology for all mankind in the context of win-win international exchanges.