食品安全风险评估制度的域外经验及对我国的启示

Extraterritorial Experience of Food Safety Risk Assessment Systems and Implications for China

风险评估制度作为一项最新的长效治理机制,广泛运用于各国食品安全日常监测和保障当中,我国的《食品安全法》虽明确提出该制度,但就制度体系构建、风险评估机构性质和工作职责、具体评估模式等等问题仍不明晰。文章以我国现行法律规范为切入点,就目前制度构建产生的风险评估机构独立性不足、风险评估模式单一等问题,结合域外如欧盟、日本等国先进的治理经验,探讨符合我国国情的食品安全风险评估模式,建立行政主导的风险评估机制,加强多主体多部门协作和公众参与。As a new long-term governance mechanism, the risk assessment system has been widely used in the daily monitoring and protection of food safety in various countries. Although the Food Safety Law of China has clearly proposed this system, it is still unclear as to the construction of the system, the nature of the risk assessment organizations, their duties and responsibilities, as well as their specific assessment modes, and so on. This paper takes the current legal norms of China as an entry point to explore a risk assessment model for food safety that meets China’s national conditions by taking into account the lack of independence of the risk assessment organizations and the single risk assessment model arising from the construction of the current system, and by combining the advanced governance experiences of overseas countries, such as the European Union and Japan, in order to establish a weakly administratively-driven risk assessment mechanism and to strengthen multi-body, multi-sectoral collaboration and public participation.