电商平台经营者违反安全保障义务责任认定探究

Exploration of Responsibility Determination for E-Commerce Platform Operators Violating Security Obligations

电商经济的迅猛发展在催生了新兴市场的同时,也给现行的经济秩序和法律制度带来了冲击,其中最突出的是各种电商平台经营者的侵权行为导致的一系列社会问题。法治背景下,国家不断通过健全有关法律的形式为消费者权益提供保障。《电子商务法》第三十八条首次明文规定电商平台经营者未履行安全保障义务须承担赔偿责任,此举为电商行业的发展提供了一定的法律指引,同时意味着我国从法律层面上对社会实践中消费者权益保护需求呼声不断增强的回应。遗憾的是从现实情形来看,由于这一规定较含糊和抽象,对于电商平台经营者安全保障义务的认定标准、举证责任与证明标准以及关于特定责任的分担等问题都没有明确,导致司法实务中电商平台经营者责任的认定仍然存在一定的困境。基于此,需从法律的角度加以调整和完善,对电商平台的责任进行清晰的认定,落实电商平台经营者的法律责任,从而加强对消费者的保护。

The rapid development of the e-commerce economy has not only given birth to emerging markets, but also impacted the current economic order and legal system. The most prominent issue is the infringement behavior of operators on various e-commerce platforms, which has led to a series of social problems. In the context of a rule of law society, the state continuously provides protection for consumer rights through sound and legal forms. Article 38 of the E-commerce Law explicitly stipulates for the first time that operators of e-commerce platforms must bear compensation liability for failure to fulfill their security obligations. This provides certain legal guidance for the development of the e-commerce industry, and also signifies China’s response to the increasing demand for consumer rights protection in social practice from a legal perspective. Unfortunately, from a practical perspective, due to the ambiguity and abstraction of this provision, the standards for determining the security obligations of platform operators, the burden of proof and standards, as well as the specific responsibility to be assumed, have not been clearly defined, resulting in certain difficulties in determining the responsibility of e-commerce platform operators in judicial practice. In order to better protect consumer rights, it is necessary to clearly identify the responsibility of e-commerce platforms for violating security obligations, and make legal adjustments and improvements.