电商平台经营者的安全保障义务及相应责任研究

Research on the Security Obligation and Corresponding Responsibility of E-Commerce Platform Operators

随着电商平台的迅速发展,我国颁布了《电子商务法》。《电子商务法》首次明文规定了电商平台经营者的安全保障义务,为消费者维权提供了法律保障。本文首先对电商平台经营者和安全保障义务的概念进行界定,从而为下文厘清“相应责任”作好铺垫。其次就是要认定电商平台经营者履行安全保障义务的类型和标准。最后,电商平台经营者没有履行安全保障义务将承担“相应责任”,然而《电子商务法》对“相应责任”规定得较为模糊,第一就是责任性质和内涵不清,第二就是归责原则适用不明,第三就是举证责任配置缺位。因此为了保障法律能够准确地适用,有必要对“相应责任”进行厘清,通过分析从而厘清“相应责任”的性质是民事责任,其次“相应责任”应适用过错责任的归责原则,最后“相应责任”要适用举证责任倒置的分配规则,才能更好地维护消费者的权益。

With the rapid development of e-commerce platforms, China promulgated the “E-Commerce Law”. For the first time, the “E-Commerce Law” explicitly stipulates the security obligations of e-commerce platform operators, providing legal protection for consumers' rights protection. This paper first defines the concept of e-commerce platform operators and security obligations, so as to pave the way for the clarification of “corresponding responsibilities” below. Secondly, it is necessary to identify the types and standards of e-commerce platform operators to fulfill their security obligations. Finally, e-commerce platform operators will bear the “corresponding responsibility” if they fail to fulfill their security obligations, but the provisions of the “corresponding responsibility” in the “E-Commerce Law” are relatively vague, the first is the nature and connotation of the responsibility is unclear, the second is the application of the principle of liability is unclear, and the third is the absence of the burden of proof. Therefore, in order to ensure the accurate application of the law, it is necessary to clarify the “corresponding liability”, and through analysis, clarify the nature of “corresponding liability” is civil liability. Secondly, “corresponding liability” should apply the principle of fault liability, and finally, “corresponding liability” should apply the distribution rule of inverted burden of proof, so as to better safeguard the rights and interests of consumers.