电子商务平台经营者的安全保障义务探析

Analysis on the Security Guarantee Obligation of E-Commerce Platform Operators

《电子商务法》第38条第2款创造性地确立了电子商务平台经营者的安全保障义务,与传统管理者和组织者的安全保障义务相比,电商平台虽然不是实物空间,但该条款也并非《民法典》安全保障义务的特殊规定,而应在电子商务领域对其予以解读与适用。该安全保障义务不在《电子商务法》已经明确列举的作为义务之列,而旨在最低限度地督促电商平台经营者尽最大努力保护平台内交易参与者的生命健康权。对于电商平台经营者违反安全保障义务时所承担的“相应责任”,宜采取多元论的观点,即“相应责任”的形式并不固定,在具体承担何种类型的责任上,可涵盖所有可能的侵权责任类型。

Article 38 (2) of the E-commerce Law establishes the unique security obligations of e-commerce platform operators. Although the e-commerce platform is not a physical space, this clause is not a special provision of the security obligations of the Civil Code, but should be interpreted and applied in the field of e-commerce. This special security obligation is not explicitly listed as an obligation in the E-commerce Law, but is intended to generally require e-commerce platform operators to do their best to protect the lives and health rights of consumers. For the “corresponding liability” borne by e-commerce platform operators when they violate the security obligation, it is appropriate to adopt a pluralistic point of view, that is, the form of “corresponding liability” is not fixed, and the specific type of liability can cover all possible types of tort liability.