电子商务中数据互操作性封锁行为法律规制研究

Research on Legal Regulation of Data Interoperability Blockade in E-Commerce

互联网的快速发展给人们生产生活带来了极大便利,但同时也暴露出了很多问题。平台为了获取自身利益,并不当然承担数据开放的义务。但若平台只为维持自身竞争优势,从而对其他平台进行不合理的数据封锁,这不仅会给用户带来不便,更是损害了市场秩序。我国对数据互操作性封锁行为的规制,主要集中于《反垄断法》《反不正当竞争法》这两部法律上,在具体适用时应当遵循《反垄断法》优位的原则。在实践中,《反垄断法》规制数据互操作性封锁行为存在困境、对平台实施数据互操作性封锁行为的反垄断执法受限以及法律对互联网平台承担的开放义务标准规定不明确。为此需要细化对滥用市场支配地位的认定标准,打破传统反垄断规制分析路径,引入必要设施原则,提高我国反垄断执法水平,确立明确的开放标准。The rapid development of the Internet has brought great convenience to people’s production and life, but also exposed a lot of problems. In order to obtain its own interests, the platform does not naturally assume the obligation of data opening. However, if the platform only maintains its own competitive advantage, and thus conducts unreasonable data blockade on other platforms, it will not only bring inconvenience to users, but also damage the market order. China’s regulation of data interoperability blockade mainly focuses on the Anti-monopoly Law and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, and should follow the principle of optimizing the Anti-Monopoly Law in its specific application. In practice, the Anti-Monopoly Law has difficulties in regulating the interoperability blockade of data, limiting the anti-monopoly law enforcement of the data interoperability blockade of platforms, and the unclear law on the open obligation standards of Internet platforms. Therefore, it is necessary to refine the identification criteria for the abuse of dominant market position, break the traditional anti-monopoly regulation and analysis path, introduce the principle of necessary facilities, improve the level of anti-monopoly law enforcement in China, and establish a clear open standard.