电子商务背景下股东催缴失权规则的理解与适用

The Understanding and Application of the System of Shareholder Calling for Loss of Rights under the Background of Electronic Commerce

《电子商务法》是电子商务领域基础性的法律,对商事实践中的问题作出了应对措施,且取得了较大成就,公司法也在此背景下进一步发展。2023年修订通过的《公司法》正式以法律的形式规定了股东失权制度,不同于《公司法解释三》规定股东资格解除规则,也不同于股东除名规则。股东失权制度以董事会的核查催缴股东出资为前置程序,同时股东失权通知采用生效发出主义,这让公司在面对股东不履行出资义务时处于主动地位,体现了商事效率原则和权利义务相一致原则。笔者从实践案例引入对股东失权的问题思考,分析股东失权制度的适用条件与程序,并对相关制度适用问题进行分析,提出解决的思路与方案。“Electronic Commerce Law” is the basic law in the field of electronic commerce, which has made countermeasures for the problems in commercial practice, and has made great achievements, and the company law is further developed under this background. “The Company Law” amended and adopted in 2023 officially stipulates the shareholder disqualification system in the form of law, which is different from the rule of disqualification of shareholders and the rule of removal of shareholders. The system of shareholders’ loss of rights takes the verification and call of the board of directors for shareholders’ capital contribution as the pre-procedure, and the notice of shareholders’ loss of rights adopts the effective issuing principle, which enables the company to take the initiative in the face of shareholders’ non-performance of capital contribution obligations, reflecting the principle of commercial efficiency and the principle of consistency of rights and obligations. The author introduces the thinking on the problem of shareholders’ loss of rights from practical cases, analyzes the applicable conditions and procedures of shareholders’ loss of rights system, analyzes the applicable problems of relevant systems, and puts forward the ideas and solutions.