电商平台中权利人错误通知的侵权责任研究

Study on Infringement Liability for Wrongful Notification of Right Holders in E-Commerce Platforms

《民法典》第1195条第3款从立法上明确了在电商平台中权利人错误通知给网络用户和网络服务提供者造成损害的,应当承担损害赔偿责任。但是不论是司法适用还是理论上,对权利人认定侵权责任的归责原则和主观要件认定的具体标准都存在分歧。权利人错误通知的归责原则应当适用过错责任原则,在主观要件上要求错误通知的权利人具有故意或重大过失,排除一般过失的侵权责任认定。Paragraph 3 of Article 1195 of the Civil Code clarifies legislatively that the right holder in the e-commerce platform shall bear the responsibility for damages if the wrong notification causes damage to network users and network service providers. However, both in judicial application and in theory, there are differences in the principle of attribution and the specific standard of subjective elements for the determination of tort liability of the right holder. The principle of attribution of wrong notification should be applied to the principle of fault liability, the subjective elements require the wrong notification of the rights of the person with intent or gross negligence, exclude the general negligence of the determination of tort liability.