长江经济带城市生态效率测度与分析

Measuring and Analysing Eco-Efficiency of Cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

城市生态效率是衡量区域发展质量的重要指标之一,为促进长江流域全面的高质量发展,本文将长江经济带流域中的108个地级市作为研究对象,借助Maxdea软件,选用非期望产出超效率SBM模型度量2000~2021年该地区的生态效率,使用Theil指数探究并分析主要差异来源。结果表明,(1) 长江经济带的生态效率表现出“上升–下降–再上升–再下降”的波动性趋势,各城市在总体上具有一定的差异性。部分样本城市生态效率值随时间变化表现出上升趋势,部分城市存在相反情况,同时存在大量生态效率值相对无效的城市,仍留有宽阔的提升空间。(2) 从流域整体视角出发,泰尔指数的变化趋势呈现为一种在波动中下降的模式。根据对差异深入分解剖析,可以发现其绩效值差异主要来自于长江经济带内部上、中、下游流域之间的内部差异。Urban eco-efficiency is one of the important indicators of regional development quality, in order to promote eco-environmental protection and economic and social development, and better promote the overall high-quality development of the Yangtze River Basin, this paper takes 108 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Basin as the research object, and with the help of Maxdea software, chooses the Super SBM model to measure the eco-efficiency of the region in the period of 2000-2021. The Theil index was used to explore the eco-efficiency of the region from 2000 to 2021. Meanwhile, the Theil index was used to explore and analyse the main sources of differences in eco-efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt basin. The results show that (1) the eco-efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt exhibits a fluctuating trend of “rising-declining-rising-declining”. There is some variation among cities in general, with the mean eco-efficiency of the downstream region being the closest to the mean eco-efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt during the study period, while the mean eco-efficiency of the midstream and upstream regions shows more significant fluctuations compared to the overall mean. In general, the eco-efficiency values of some of the sample cities show an upward trend over time, while some of the sample cities show a downward trend over time. There are a large number of cities with relatively ineffective eco-efficiency values in the sample cities, and there is still plenty of room for upgrading and improvement. (2) From the perspective of the basin as a whole, the trend of the Tyrrell index shows a pattern of decline in fluctuation. According to the in-depth analysis of the differences, it can be found that the differences in performance values mainly come from the internal differences between the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.