新型城镇化实验区土地利用及景观格局时空变化研究—以河北省定州市为例

Spatio-Temporal Change of Land Use and Landscape Pattern in New-Type Urbanization Experimental Area—A Case Study of Dingzhou City in Hebei Province

定州市位于京津冀经济区,是河北省中部区域中心城市,于2016年被列为第一批国家新型城镇化综合试点地区。本文基于定州市1980年、2000年和2015年三期土地利用数据,分析了改革开放以来定州市土地利用和景观格局时空演变,解析了不同时段定州市各地类面积变化及相互转移情况。同时,采用景观格局分析法,在景观层面上选取不同景观指数,对定州市景观格局变化进行了系统分析。结果表明:1980~2015年定州市土地利用发生了剧烈变化,建设用地持续增加,增加建设用地主要来自于对耕地的开垦。2000~2015年定州市的土地利用变化较1980~2000年更加剧烈,建设用地扩张对耕地的占用进一步加剧。同时,由于河道干涸,2000~2015年研究区有50.66%的水域被开发为建设用地。在景观格局变化方面,定州市景观斑块尺度趋向均匀,各斑块类型在景观中分布趋向均衡化,景观破碎化不断加剧,且2000~2015年较1980~2000年变化更为明显。在未来新型城镇化发展过程中,定州市要协调好耕地保护和城市扩张之间的矛盾,注重当地生态环境的保护和改善。

Dingzhou, a key city of central Hebei Province, is located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Economic Zone. Dingzhou was included in the first round of pilot areas of national new-type urbanization in 2016. This paper analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution of land use and landscape pattern in Dingzhou since the launch of the reform and opening up policy in the end of 1970s. The area changes of land use and transfer of land use type in Dingzhou were analyzed using three land use maps in 1980, 2000 and 2015. Different landscape indexes at the landscape level were selected and utilized to analyze the changes in landscape pattern. The results showed that land use in Dingzhou changed drastically from 1980 to 2015, featured with continuously rapid expansion of construction land. The newly added construction land mainly came from the occupation of cultivated land. From 2000 to 2015, land use changes in Dingzhou were more drastic than that in the period of 1980-2000. The occupation on cultivated land by construction land expansion became more serious. At the same time, 50.66% of the water areas in Dingzhou were converted into construction land during 2000-2015 due to the river way drying. As for the landscape pattern, the landscape patch scale became more uniform, the patch type distribution more balance, and the landscape more fragmented. As a whole, the changes in landscape pattern of the latter period (2000-2015) were more drastic than that of the former period (1980-2000). In the future, when developing new new-type urbanization, Dingzhou should try to solve the contradiction between cultivated land protection and urban expansion and pay attention to the protection and improvement of local ecological environment.