基于遥感的内蒙古“一湖两海”近35年水域动态变化监测研究

Research on Monitoring Change in Lake Water Areas of “One Lake and Two Seas” Based on Remote Sensing in Inner Mongolia in the Past 35 Years

“一湖两海”(呼伦湖、乌梁素海和岱海)是内蒙古三大淡水湖,在维持区域生态系统服务方面发挥着重要的作用,也是我国北方生态安全屏障的重要组成部分。本文基于遥感手段,采用归一化水体指数(NDWI)与人机交互式解译方式,获取1985~2020年每5年间隔的水体分布数据,对“一湖两海”湖泊水体变化与降水量、平均气温和人类活动进行相关分析,结果表明:“一湖两海”湖泊水体面积总体呈减少态势,尽管呼伦湖、乌梁素海没有出现严重水域面积萎缩现象,但周边大小的湖泡明显消失;气候暖干化是湖泊水体萎缩的主要原因,工业开发、城市建设、旅游开发等人类活动加剧了湖泊环境变化。“一湖两海”是中国北方湖泊干渍化的“缩影”,科学开展国土空间规划布局,实施“山水林田湖草沙”重大修复工程,对筑牢祖国北方重要生态安全屏障具有重要的意义。

“One lake and Two seas” (Hulun Lake, Wuliangsuhai Lake and Daihai Lake) are three major fresh-water lakes in Inner Mongolia, which play an important role in maintaining the ecosystem service function of the region, and are also an important part of the ecological security barrier in northern China. Based on remote sensing, normalized water body index (NDWI) and human-computer inter-active interpretation method were used to obtain the water distribution data every five years from 1985 to 2020. The correlation analysis between water body change and precipitation, average temperature and human activities in “One lake and Two seas” lake was carried out. Although Hulun Lake and Wuliangsuhai Lake have no serious water area shrinkage phenomenon, the lake bubbles around have disappeared obviously;climate warming and drying are the main factor of lake water shrinking, and human activities such as industrial development, urban construction, tourism de-velopment have intensified the lake environmental change. “One lake and Two seas” is the “epitome” of the dry and waterlogged lakes in northern China. It is of great significance to scientifically carry out the land space planning and layout, and implement the major restoration project of “mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand” to build an important ecological security barrier in northern China.