耕地功能的时空演变特征及影响因素研究——以成都市为例

Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Cultivated Land Function and Its Influencing Factors—A Case Study of Chengdu City

耕地是人类赖以生存和发展的基本条件,对耕地功能及其时空演变的探究是凸显耕地功能作用及推动地域协调发展的重要科学依据。本研究聚焦于成都市的耕地功能,以成都市下辖的20个区县为研究区域。为全面评估这一功能,本文采用包括熵值法、自然断点法及地理探测器在内的多种模型方法,并据此构建了一个详尽且科学的评价指标体系。研究结果显示:①在2016年至2021年期间,成都市耕地的经济生产能力整体呈现出较为微弱的变动趋势。其中,经济生产能力较为突出的耕地主要集中在成都市的二、三圈层等区域,而五个主要城区内的耕地生产功能则显得相对较弱;社会保障功能空间格局变化较小,呈中心圈层和外沿圈层较低,第二圈层较高的态势;生态维护功能都江堰和新津等地有所加强。②在耕地功能的早期阶段,其主导影响因素显著地体现在粮食的自给自足程度上,其影响能力会随着时间的推移而减弱;随着粮食产量不断创新高,进入打造的“天府粮仓”概念将要提出,成为决定性作用的粮食生产水平对于耕地功能分异的影响能力正在逐步加强。同时,不同因子之间的相互作用显著提高了对成都市耕地功能分异现象的解释力度,能促进当地耕地多功能发展。Cultivated land is the basic condition for the survival and development of human beings. Exploring the function of cultivated land and its spatio-temporal evolution is an important scientific basis for highlighting the function of cultivated land and promoting regional coordinated development. This study focuses on the function of cultivated land in Chengdu, taking 20 districts and counties under the jurisdiction of Chengdu as the study area. In order to evaluate this function comprehensively, this paper adopts a variety of model methods, including entropy method, natural breakpoint method and geographic detector, and constructs a detailed and scientific evaluation index system. The results showed that: (1) From 2016 to 2021, the economic productivity of cultivated land in Chengdu showed a relatively weak trend of change. Among them, the cultivated land with outstanding economic productive capacity is mainly concentrated in the second and third circle of Chengdu, while the productive function of cultivated land in the five main urban areas is relatively weak. The spatial pattern of social security function changes little, showing that the central circle and the outer circle are lower, and the second circle is higher. Ecological maintenance functions have been strengthened in Dujiangyan and Xinjin. (2) In the early stage of cultivated land function, the dominant influencing factors are significantly reflected in the degree of food self-sufficiency, and its influencing ability will weaken with the passage of time;With the continuous record of grain production, the concept of “Tianfu granaries” will be put forward, and the influence of grain production level, which has become a decisive role, on the functional differentiation of cultivated land is gradually strengthening. At the same time, the interaction between different factors significantly enhanced the interpretation of the functional differentiation of cultivated land in Chengdu, and promoted the multifunctional development of local cultivated land.