有机肥对肥桃果实品质的影响

Effects of Organic Fertilizers on Fruit Quality of Feicheng Peach

[目的]探讨生产中常用有机肥料与“红里肥桃”产量及品质等的相关性,筛选对红里肥桃产量及品质更有效的有机肥。[方法]以红里肥桃为试材,设4个有机肥和3个施肥量,在果实成熟期测定各品质指标,分析比较处理效果。[结果]有机肥对提高果实品质效果明显,与施肥量不相关。贝壳有机肥果实单果重是对照的1.25~1.56倍;豆饼有机肥果实可溶性糖总量较对照高13.56%~39.27%,葡萄糖含量比对照高25.44%~8.38%;海藻有机肥果实糖酸较比对照高102.88%~32.30%,且降酸效果显著,最高可降41.70%,香气成分种类比对照多8种。[结论]豆饼有机肥在提高果实甜度和硬度方面作用明显;海藻有机肥在降低果实酸度、提高果实糖酸比和果实香气效果较好。试验所选肥桃植株在40 kg/株的施肥量时果实品质的各项指标表现较佳,本试验条件下40 kg/株即可满足生产需求。

[Objectives] Aiming at screening effective organic fertilizer on the fruit yield and quality of Feicheng Peach, this study discussed the correlation between frequently used organic fertilizers and the fruit yield and quality of Feicheng Peach, for FeiTao production providing reference basis for Feicheng Peach production. [Methods] This study chose red feicheng peach as experimental material. Four organic fertilizer treatments and three fertilizing amounts were set in this study. In harvest time, many indexes of fruit quality were tested. [Results] Compared with CK, organic fertilizers had increased fruit quality. This test did not find obvious correlation between fruit quality and weight of organic fertilizer. Single fruit weight of sea shell organic fertilizer treatment is 1.25 - 1.56 times of CK. Bean cake organic fertilizer treatment has increased by 13.56% - 39.27% on soluble sugar content and 25.44% - 8.38% on soluble sugar content than CK. It also increased the firmness at harvest time. Sugar-acid ratio of Sea weed organic fertilizer treatment was 102.88% - 32.30% higher than CK. It also has dramatic effect on decrease the organic acid content. Sea weed organic fertilizer treatment had 8 more types of aroma than CK. [Conclusions] Bean cake organic fertilizer had better influence on increase of fruit sweetness and decrease of firmness. Sea weed organic fertilizer had better influence on decrease of fruit acidity, increase of sugar-acid ratio and content and type of aroma. Basis of Feicheng Peach aroma was esters, lactones, aldehydes, alcohols, ethers, ketones, carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons. Esters formed the majority of Feicheng Peach aroma. When weight of organic fertilizer was 40 kg per tree, fruit quality performance is better. 40 kg per tree under this experimental condition could meet the demand of fruit tree production.