几种覆盖方式对苹果树体营养及土壤微生物的影响

Effects of Different Mulching Ways on Apple Tree Nutrition and Soil Microbe

本试验通过连续3a对旱地苹果园地布、秸秆、黑膜3种树盘覆盖处理及清耕对照,研究不同覆盖方式对苹果叶片、枝条营养状况及叶片光合特性、土壤微生物的影响。结果表明,覆盖处理提高叶片及枝条全氮、全磷、全钾、总糖、还原糖含量,但淀粉含量降低;除可溶性蛋白外,其余指标含量叶片大于枝条。叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)表现为地布 >地膜 >秸秆 >清耕,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)表现相反趋势。秸秆和地布覆盖显著增加土壤微生物数量,地布覆盖叶片净光合速率显著高于秸秆和黑地膜覆盖,较对照提高17.1%。在旱地果园,采用地布覆盖开沟施肥区域,形成两边高、中间低的凹形,具有集雨作用,是一种肥水高效利用的覆盖方式,能够明显促进树体营养生长。

The experiment has been done on the effects of different mulching ways on apple leaves and branches nutritional status and leaf photosynthetic characteristics and soil microbe through a continuous 3a cloth, straw, black film mulching and tillage in dryland apple orchard .The results showed that covering treatment increased the leaves and branches total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, total sugar, reducing sugar content, but decreased starch content;except soluble protein, the content of other indexes in leaves is more than in branches. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomata conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) showed trend of cloth >film >straw >tillage, and CO2 concentration intercellular (Ci) showed the opposite trend. Straw and cloth cover increased the soil microbes significantly;leaf photosynthesis of cloth cover was significantly higher than straw and black mulching. In dryland orchards, cloth covered ditching and fertilization region, formed concave with both sides of high, middle, low, can gather rainfall, and is a high coefficient cover measure of water and fertilization utilization, promoting tree grows significantly.