不同的施肥处理与耕作措施对玉米经济系数的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments and Tillage Measures on Economic Coefficient of Maize

通过4年田间试验,在典型黄土高原黄绵土种植区域坡耕地开展不同耕作方式和不同施肥水平对玉米经济效益的研究,结果表明,施肥处理均比不施肥处理的经济指标和产量表现好,而优化施肥处理比常规施肥处理经济指标和产量表现优越,全膜覆盖栽培经济指标和产量较半膜覆盖栽培表现优越,而半膜栽培模式下,垄作比平作表现更加优越。而优化施肥+全膜双垄沟种植模式有效延长了玉米生育期,各项经济性状表现最优,产量最高,达到6686.68~9514.76 kg/hm2,较不施肥料和常规施肥分别提高49.96%~64.00%、22.44%~45.09%,差异显著。该模式施肥处理为本区域坡耕地种植稀播作物的最佳模式,既能使玉米稳产高产,同时又能显著降低地表径流N、P流失量,减少农田氮、磷污染。

Through four years of field experiments, the economic benefits of different tillage methods and different fertilization levels were carried out on sloping farmland of typical loess soil planting area in Loess Plateau. The results showed that the economic indexes and yield of fertilizer treatment were better than that of non-fertilizer treatment, and the economic indexes and yield of optimized fertilization treatment were higher than that of conventional fertilization. The performance of the whole film mulching cultivation was superior to that of semi-film mulching cultivation, and the performance of ridge culture was superior to that of semi-film cultivation. The optimized fertilization and the whole film double-furrow planting model effectively extended the growth period of maize, and the economic performance was the best, and the yield was the highest, which reached 6686.68~9514.76 kg/hm2, and increased by 49.96~64 and 22.44~45.09, respectively. The mode of fertilization is the best model for planting sparse crops on sloping cultivated land in the region, which not only can make the corn stable and have high yield, but also can significantly reduce the surface runoff N, P loss, and reduce nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in farmland.