蒲江猕猴桃生长气象条件适宜性及病害研究

Study on the Meteorological Condition Suitability and Disaster of Kiwifruit’s Growth in Pujiang County

四川省成都市蒲江县是我国主要的猕猴桃生产基地。本文利用蒲江县1998年~2018年的常规气象观测资料,对照猕猴桃各个生长发育阶段的特性,分析了蒲江县种植猕猴桃的气候条件,表明蒲江县在气温、降水、光照等气候条件上满足猕猴桃生长要求,适宜猕猴桃的栽培和产业发展。其次本文以2018年蒲江县猕猴桃歉收事件为例,分析了猕猴桃在生长过程中可能遭受的主要气象病害。结果发现,蒲江县猕猴桃在2018年遭受的气象病害主要是,坐果期和缓慢生长期降水过度集中导致了涝渍灾害,长期降水天气,猕猴桃坐果期光照不足,使得坐果率下降。相反在果实膨大期降水不足,导致果实生长速率减慢,果实偏小,影响了猕猴桃的收成。以上两点导致2018年蒲江县猕猴桃产量下降,出现了严重歉收。

Pujiang is the main production base of kiwifruit in China. The normal meteorological observations of Pujiang County are used in this paper from 1998 to 2018. Furthermore, comparing with the characteristics of kiwifruit in its each phase of growth and development, the climatology environments of Pujiang are analyzed. As a result, Pujiang appropriates for planting the kiwifruit because of the proper temperature, rainfall, sunshine, and so on. In the end, this paper explores the poor harvest of kiwifruit in 2018 in Pujiang, and makes a study on the possible meteorological diseases in kiwifruit’s growth phases. It is found that, the main reason for the poor harvest of kiwifruit in Pujiang County in 2018 is that the precipitation is too concentrated, which leads to the serious flooding disaster. At the same time, longtime precipitation makes the sunlight be not enough, and the kiwifruit’s set rate is decreased and the fruit is too small. Just because of the above two points in rainfall and sunlight, the kiwifruit got diseases, and the product of kiwifruit declined markedly in 2018.