我国粮食问题的核心是水资源短缺问题

The Core of Grain Production Issues Facing China Is the Lack of Water Resources

文章分析了我国粮食生产面临的问题、问题实质与应对措施。我国粮食生产主要存在问题一是处于紧平衡状态,仍然依赖国际市场才能满足总体需求,二是这种紧平衡的持续性受到地下水超采挑战。我国粮食问题的实质是水资源短缺,主要原因一是我国粮食产量对灌溉的依赖性很强,另外一点,中国的特征是耕地面积相对较少,而国土面积大,在西北存在大量荒漠土地,如果有足够水资源,现代水肥一体化技术可以使其转变为足够的耕地,而满足全部粮食需求。基于这一认识,解决粮食问题的有效途径将是围绕水资源问题采取对策,通过发展节水灌溉、治理地下水超采、进一步加大南水北调力度,循环利用水资源。

The grain production issue facing China, its essence and countermeasures were analyzed in this paper. The main issues are tight balance between supply and demand, i.e. still partly relying on in-ternational market for grain supply;the other one is that this tight balance might not be sustaina-ble due to groundwater over-exploitation. The core of the issues is in shortage of water resources. There are two causes for this conclusion, one is that the grain production requires irrigation too much, the other is the characteristic of China landscape—vast amount of desert which is greater than the farmland in the northwest, and the modern irrigation technology is able to turn this desert into farmland that would meet the grain need if there were enough water resources available. Thus, the countermeasures for the grain production issues would focus on the water resource shortage relief, such as water saving irrigation, the groundwater over-exploitation mitigation and recycling use of the urban water resources and unconventional water.