北方地区苗木越冬管理技术概述

Overview of Nursery Stock Overwintering Management Technology in Northern Area

随着社会对环境要求的不断提高,苗木应用得到了长足的发展。要想使苗木实现其美化市容的功能,使其美持续下去,做好其防寒工作非常重要。在我国北方地区,春冬季气候寒冷,北方地区耐寒性差的苗木需要进行一定的防寒保护,否则会受到冻害甚至死亡,所以苗木防寒技术越来越受到重视。防寒方法也因树而异,因时而异。熟知苗木习性和当地气候环境,方能采取科学合理的防寒措施。防寒措施直接决定着防寒效果的好坏。本文针对北方苗木越冬后易发生生理干旱的事实,结合苗木管理经验,总结北方地区苗木越冬管理中苗木整形修剪、防治病虫害、苗木涂白和预防人畜危害、防寒保暖措施的关键性技术,为北方地区苗木越冬管理提供参考。

With the continuous improvement of society’s environmental requirements, the application of seedlings has been developed by leaps and bounds. In order to make the nursery stock realize its function of beautifying the city appearance and make its beauty last, it is very important to do well in its cold protection work. In northern China, the climate is cold in spring and winter, and seedlings with poor cold resistance in the northern region need to be protected from cold, otherwise they will suffer from freezing damage or even death. Therefore, the cold-proof technology of seedlings is getting more and more attention. The method of protection against cold varies from tree to tree and from time to time. Familiar with the habits of seedlings and the local climate environment can take scientific and reasonable cold protection measures. Cold protection measures directly determine the quality of cold protection. Based on the fact that the northern nursery stocks are prone to physiological drought after overwintering, combined with the nursery stock management experience, this article summarizes the key technologies for nursery stock shaping and pruning, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, whitening of nursery stocks, prevention of human and livestock hazards, and cold and warm measures in the northern area, which provides reference for nursery stock overwintering management in the region.