多倍体水稻为基础的稻芋蛙鳅共养体系之芋头栽培

The Coculture System of Rice, Taro, Frog and Loach Based on Polyploid Rice: Taro Cultivation

绿色高效可持续性发展是现代农业迫切需要而难以实现的重大课题,其中最大困难点是全绿色栽培技术、综合性病虫防治与产品高效益性的结合。本文进行了以多倍体水稻为基础的稻芋蛙鳅共养体系中的芋头品种初选及栽培试验。经比较发现,武汉选育的鄂芋1号最适于武汉地区种植。在施足每亩1000公斤有机肥的基础上,四月上旬栽种的芋头,5月份芽叶生长旺盛,5月下旬~8月底芋头一直生长并长出仔芋叶,遮荫效果很好。在晴天早6时、晚6时辅助饲喂饵料的情况下,青蛙在空埂上明显较多,但在正午11时~下午4时高温之时田埂上基本无蛙。在稻芋蛙鳅体系中,芋叶上基本无蓟马、叶蝉和飞虱类小虫为害,即使最易出现的斜纹夜蛾也未出现。共养体系中的稻株上也很少有蓟马、叶蝉和飞虱为害,更极少见二化螟、三化螟、稻纵叶卷叶螟为害,说明天南星科的芋头既有遮荫作用,又有驱避害虫的重要作用。结合频振灯诱杀、自然天敌昆虫和青蛙的捕杀作用,能很好地形成“四周种芋头、空中频灯诱、禾间天敌吃、禾下养蛙鳅”的共养体系,做好芋头栽培,获得全绿色高效益的好结果。

Green, efficient and sustainable development is a major subject that needs urgently but difficult to achieve in modern agriculture. The biggest difficulty is the combination of non-pollution green cultivation techniques, comprehensive control of pests and high benefit of products. Based on polyploid rice, a coculture system of rice, taro, frog and loach was established. The experiment of taro varieties selection and cultivation was carried out in this research. The most suitable taro variety for planting in Wuhan area was Eyu 1. Taros were planted in early April after organic fertilizer was applied with 1000 kg per 667 m2. The buds and leaves of taros grow vigorously in May and continue to grow until the end of August. Taro leaves can provide good natural shade for frogs. When fed in sunny days at 6:00 A.M. and 6:00 P.M., more frogs stayed on the empty ridges, however there were very few frogs on the ridge during the high temperature period from 11:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. There was almost no damage from thrips, leafhoppers and planthoppers on taro leaves, and the most common Spodopteralitura also did not appear in the coculture system. There were also few thrips, leafhoppers and planthoppers, and very fewer Lepidoptera pests, such as striped rice borer, yellow rice borer and Cnaphalocrocismedinalis on the rice plants in the coculture system. The results showed that the taro has an important role in shading for frogs and repelling rice pests in the coculture system. Adding the trapping of frequency trembler grid lamps and the killing of natural enemy insects and frogs, we established the coculture system of rice, taro, frog and loach. In this system, the taros were planted around the field, the frequency trembler grid lamps were set up over the rice plants, the pests should be wiped out by natural enemies hiding in the rice plants, and the frogs and loaches were raised under the rice plants. High benefit of products can be got from the non-pollution green cultivation in the coculture system of rice, taro, frog and loach.