中国种养结合发展模式研究进展

Research Progress on the Development Mod-el of the Combination of Planting and Breed-ing in China

近年来,中国农村现代化发展水平已大大提高,然而,伴随着养殖业与种植业规模化和集约化程度的提升,“种养脱节、农牧分离”问题也越来越突出,不利于全国范围内家畜粪便、秸秆等生活垃圾的资源化使用。因此,利用物质与能源在种植业与养殖业之间的有机循环,种养结合的生态农业模式成为解决家畜养殖环境污染治理和资源循环再利用的主要途径之一。本文通过总结近年来种养结合模式有关政策、种养结合中因种养不协调造成的环境问题以及国内外现有种养结合模式,归纳了“以地定养、以养促种、养殖污水原地处理、就近种植消纳”的发展思路,并认为各地应针对实际状况,因地制宜的进行各种不同规模、形式多样的种养结合,以推进区域种与养的合理搭配、协调发展,实现农业绿色发展。

In recent years, the level of China’s rural modernization development has been greatly improved. However, with the increase in the scale and intensification of aquaculture and planting industries, the problem of “separation of planting and breeding, separation of agriculture and animal husbandry” has become more and more prominent, which is not conducive to the resource utilization of domestic wastes such as livestock manure and straws nationwide. Therefore, the use of material and energy in the organic cycle between planting and breeding, and the ecological agriculture model that combines planting and breeding has become one of the main ways to solve environmental pollution control and resource recycling in livestock breeding. This paper summarizes the relevant policies of the combination of planting and breeding in recent years, the environmental problems caused by the incoordination of planting and breeding in the combination of planting and breeding, and the existing domestic and foreign models of combination of planting and breeding, then sums up the development ideas of “depending on the ground, promoting the cultivation by the cultivation, treating the aquaculture wastewater in situ, and planting and dissipating it nearby”, and proposes that various regions should adapt to the actual conditions and carry out a variety of different scales and forms of planting and breeding. It is expected to provide ideas for promoting the rational com-bination and coordinated development of regional planting and breeding, and ultimately realize the green development of agriculture.