不同利用方式对新增耕地土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Different Utilization Methods on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Newly Increased Cultivated Land

为了解不同土地利用方式对渭北撂荒地土壤化学性质的影响,对该地区4种土地利用方式下(小麦地、玉米地、菜地、花椒地)种植4年后的表层(0~30 cm)土壤化学性质进行了比较分析。结果表明:土壤质地中黏粒和粉粒最高的土地利用方式是种植玉米,明显高于其他处理。与撂荒地相比,种植蔬菜和花椒存在增加土壤pH的趋势,种植小麦和玉米存在降低土壤pH的趋势;即与撂荒地相比,不同利用方式的土壤有机质含量具有不同程度的下降,下降最多的是小麦地和花椒地,玉米地和菜地土壤有机质含量下降相对较小。土壤质地主要表现为不同土地利用方式下,玉米地土壤粘粒含量最高,花椒地土壤砂粒含量最高。土壤有机质相对耕种年限提升呈现出台阶式上升的特征;且在耕种5年左右实现接近整治前撂荒地的土壤有机质含量水平。

In order to understand the effects of different land use patterns on soil chemical properties of abandoned land in Weibei, the chemical properties of surface soil (0~30 cm) under four land use patterns (wheat field, corn field, vegetable field, pepper field) were compared and analyzed after four years of planting. The results showed that the land use mode with the highest clay and silt in soil texture was planting corn, which was significantly higher than other treatments. Compared with abandoned land, planting vegetables and pepper has the trend of increasing soil pH, and planting wheat and corn has the trend of reducing soil pH;That is, compared with abandoned land, the soil organic matter content of different utilization methods decreased to varying degrees, the most decreased was wheat land and pepper land, and the soil organic matter content of corn land and vegetable land decreased relatively little. The soil texture mainly shows that under different land use modes, the content of soil clay in corn land is the highest, and the content of soil sand in pepper land is the highest. The increase of soil organic matter relative to cultivation years shows the characteristics of step-by-step increase;and the content of soil organic matter close to that of abandoned land before regulation will be realized in about 5 years of cultivation.