盆栽荷花消费需求及市场分析

Analysis on Consumption Demands and Market of Container Lotus

盆栽荷花在中国的历史十分悠久,然而当前其市场仍然很小,是何原因导致盆栽荷花没有得到大范围推广是一个值得探究的问题。通过线上和线下问卷形式对盆栽荷花市场展开调查。结果显示:我国大众近九成喜欢荷花,约八成愿意购买盆栽荷花,可见盆栽荷花市场潜力巨大,但也存在优良品种匮乏、市场不规范、高效栽培及管理技术推广不够等问题。人们偏爱的盆栽荷花品种的主要特点为:株形较小,叶色绿色或墨绿,花朵高于叶面,花期长;花色为复色、粉色和白色;瓣型依此为半重瓣、单瓣和重瓣;花态碗状最佳;有清香味;花蕾卵圆锥形;莲蓬为倒圆锥形和碗形。人们选择盆栽荷花多数希望用来装饰家居、美化生活环境,并希望有食用、药用和作为插花的多方面功能;多数人选择摆放盆栽荷花于室内和阳台;对品种是传统还是新奇关心度不大。影响人们购买盆栽荷花的主要因素是植株成活率,其次是品种质量、价格、配套栽培器具和商家的售后服务。购买时,价格以荷花苗10~20元/株和成品30~50元/盆为宜,主要在种植基地和网络专营店及花卉市场上购买;有栽培荷花经验的人更愿意购买种藕、小苗或莲子,无经验者多选择直接购买成品植株。在种植过程中遇到了植株开花表现不好或不开花、叶色不健康、施肥量不好控制等若干问题,说明大多数人缺乏盆栽荷花的栽培管理技术,因此需要加快市场推广、科普教育和技术指导的力度。

Container lotus has a long history in China, but its current market is still small. Why container lotus has not been widely promoted is a question worth exploring. This study investigated the container lotus market in China through online and offline questionnaires. The results show that nearly 90% of people love lotus, and about 80% of people are willing to buy container lotus, therefore, the container lotus market has great potential in China. But the market problems remain, such as a lack of excellent cultivars and market standardization, and insufficient promotion of efficient cultivation and management techniques. The characteristics of container lotus favored by people are: small plant shape, green or dark green leaves, flowers higher than the leaf and long flowering period;the preferred flower colors are polychrome, pink and white;the favorable flower forms are semi double, single and double petals;the bowl-shaped flower is most chosen;light fragrance, egg-conical shaped bud and inverted cone or bowl-shaped pods are more welcome. Most people choose container lotus to decorate their homes and yards, beautify their living environment, and hope to have many other functions such as edible, medicinal and cut-flower uses. Most people choose to put container lotus indoor and balcony and don’t care much about whether the cultivars are traditional or novel. The main factors influencing people’s purchase of container lotus are survival rate, followed by cultivars quality, price, supporting cultivation tools and after-sale service of merchants. For order price, 10~20 Yuan is suitable for one seedling, and 30~50 Yuan for one potted mature plant, which are mainly purchased from lotus nursery, network stores and flower markets. People having experience in lotus cultivation prefer to buy lotus tubers, seedlings or lotus seeds, while those without experiences want to order the potted plants directly. In the process of planting, some problems have been encountered, such as poor flowering performance or non-flowering, unhealthy leaf, and poor control of fertilization, indicating that most of the public lack the cultivation and manage-ment technique of container lotus. Therefore, it is necessary to promote market through popular science education and technical guidance.