氮沉降和氮添加对土壤微生物的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Deposition and Nitrogen Addition on Soil Microorganisms

微生物目前在地球上不仅数量最多,分布最广,而且也是出现最早的生物群。它们广泛地存在于土壤、淡水湖、海洋等多种不同的生境中,就丰度而言,土壤中微生物的群落最高。在生物的氮循环过程中,土壤微生物群落起到了至关重要的作用,与此同时,自然氮沉降和人工增氮也对土壤微生物的分布产生影响。本文主要综述了大气氮沉降对土壤微生物的影响,以及部分地区和种植地在不同的时间段(长期或者短期)的氮添加对土壤中微生物的影响。氮沉降也同样对土壤中的微生物生物量产生相应的影响,首先改变微生物的多样性和群落结构,进而影响功能和环境;不同水平的氮素添加影响土壤pH值,引起土壤酸化。根据土壤环境的不同,对土壤微生物群落的影响也不同。

Microorganisms are the most abundant, widespread and earliest biota on Earth. They are found in a variety of habitats, including soil, lakes, and oceans, with soil having the highest microbial community richness. The soil microbial community is the key link driving the nitrogen cycle. At the same time, natural nitrogen deposition and anthropogenic nitrogen addition also affect soil microorganisms. This paper mainly summarizes the impact of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil micro-organisms, as well as the medium- and long-term and Effects of short-term nitrogen addition on soil microbes. Nitrogen deposition changes soil microbial biomass, affects soil microbial diversity and community structure, and then affects microbial community functions and soil environment;nitro-gen additions to varying degrees affect soil pH and cause soil acidification. The microbial community effect size also varied.