平原丘陵过渡区土地利用变化与生境质量的时空演变及权衡——以江苏省溧阳市为例

Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Trade-Off Relationship between Land Use Change and Habitat Quality in Plain Hilly Transition Area—A Case Study of Liyang City, Jiangsu Province

[目的]评估生境质量是提升生态系统服务功能和人类福祉的关键,对权衡区域生态建设和经济发展提供科学依据。[方法]以溧阳市土地利用变更数据为基础,将InVEST模型和地理加权回归模型结合,在空间上定量刻画溧阳市生境质量演变与土地利用变化的交互关系,探讨其时空分异。[结果]研究结果显示:1) 2003~2009年间耕地和草地分别减幅17.05% (126.43 km2)、71.22% (26.06 km2);建设用地、林地和水域分别增幅48.86% (80.46 km2)、4.33% (13.28 km2)、20.56% (58.34 km2);其他土地类型变化不大。2003~2009年土地利用的转移主要发生在耕地、林地、建设用地和水域之间,相互间的转入和转出面积比例较大。2009~2015年间转移数量和速度明显减缓,且主要以耕地和建设用地间的相互转移为主,水域流向耕地的面积远远高于其转入面积。2) 溧阳市生境质量总体上高等级区域和较低等级区域占比较大,生境质量存在比较明显的空间异质性。整体特征呈现出南高北低、东高西低,由中心到外围逐渐升高的趋势。2003~2009年溧阳市的生境质量逐渐提升,至2015年趋于稳定;生境质量热点区域主要位于溧阳南部区域和溧阳市的边缘区,冷点主要分布于居民点密集的中部平原区;同时溧阳市的生境质量分布具有一定空间正相关性,多呈高高、低低聚集分布。3) 各土地利用类型的回归系数在空间上仍然存在较大的异质性,生境质量对林地、草地和水域变化的响应具有较高的正相关效应,呈协同关系,面积的增加可提升生境质量水平,生境质量与建设用地变化在空间上呈负相关效应,呈权衡关系,其面积扩张会对生境造成严重干扰,耕地正负相关效应并存,呈正相关效应的区域呈协同关系,呈负相关效应的区域呈权衡关系。[结论]这一研究结果对于制定合理的区域土地开发利用和环境保护政策以及实施区域生态建设工程具有一定的积极指导作用。

[Objective] Assessing the quality of habitat is the key to improving ecosystem service functions and human well-being, and provides a scientific basis for weighing regional ecological construction and economic development. [Methods] Based on the land use change data of Liyang City, the InVEST model and geographically weighted regression model are combined to quantitatively characterize the interactive relationship between the evolution of habitat quality and land use change in Liyang City, and discuss its spatial and temporal differences. [Results] The research results show that: 1) Between 2003 and 2009, cultivated land and grassland decreased by 17.05% (126.43 km2) and 71.22% (26.06 km2) respectively;construction land, forest land and water area increased by 48.86% (80.46 km2) and 4.33% (13.28 km2), 20.56% (58.34 km2) respectively;other land types have not changed much. From 2003 to 2009, the land use transfer mainly occurred between cultivated land, forest land, construction land and water area, and the proportion of transfer-in and transfer-out areas was relatively large. The number and speed of transfers have slowed significantly between 2009 and 2015, and are mainly based on the mutual transfer between cultivated land and construction land. The area of water flowing to cultivated land is much higher than the transferred area. 2) The habitat quality of Liyang City is generally occupied by high-level areas and lower-level areas, and there are obvious spatial heterogeneities in habitat quality. The overall characteristics show a trend of high in the south and low in the north, high in the east and low in the west, gradually increasing from the center to the periphery. From 2003 to 2009, the habitat quality of Liyang City gradually improved and stabilized by 2015;the hot spot areas of habitat quality were mainly located in the southern area of Liyang and the marginal area of Liyang City, and the cold spots were mainly distributed in the central plain area with dense residential areas;at the same time, Liyang The city’s habitat quality distribution has a certain spatial positive correlation, most of which are high, low and low. 3) The regression coefficients of various land use types are still spatially heterogeneous. The response of habitat quality to the changes of forest land, grassland and water area has a high positive correlation effect, showing a synergistic relationship, and the increase in area can be improved Habitat quality level, habitat quality and construction land change have a negative correlation effect and a trade-off relationship. Their area expansion will cause serious interference to the habitat. The positive and negative correlation effects of cultivated land coexist, and the areas with positive correlation effects show synergistic relationship. The areas of related effects are in a trade-off relationship. [Conclusion] The results of this study have a certain positive guiding role in formulating reasonable regional land development and utilization and environmental protection policies and implementing regional ecological construction projects.