萧山大棚白对虾水温调控效果的研究

Study on Water Temperature Regulation Effect of White Shrimp in Xiaoshan Greenhouse

本项目任务来源于2021年杭州市萧山区科技计划项目《萧山白对虾主要气象灾害监测预警技术研究》。白对虾是一种广温广盐虾,虽然其对环境的适应力较强,但其生物特性复杂且敏感,对环境要求很高,气象因素的变化与环境的稳定性密切相关,气温是其中影响最大的因素。外界气温过高或过低,使白对虾摄食量下降,从而使产量急剧下降,对养殖户造成严重经济损失。露天养殖白对虾常发生高、低温灾害。而大棚具有调温能力,能为白对虾种植提供适宜小气候环境,降低遭受气温灾害的频率,提高产量,同时大棚养殖能有效延长养殖时间,增加经济效益。大棚的保温效果及调温能力能有效降低白对虾养殖过程中遭受高、低温灾害的风险,但灾害频率依然较大,严重影响大棚白对虾的产量和品质。现阶段,气象部门通常只发布大气环境气温,如何根据棚外环境因素确定并预测棚内气温是目前关注的重点。棚外养殖白对虾受气象因素影响较大,为提高白对虾产量,大棚养殖是目前最有效的方法,大棚小气候是影响大棚白对虾产量的关键,受季节和天气类型的影响,大棚小气候差异较大,气温是小气候中对白对虾产量影响最显著的因子。因此,许多专家和学者对于大棚白对虾小气候研究及高、低温灾害监测及预警进行了大量的探索和研究,并在国际上取得了一定的研究进展。

The task of this project comes from the 2021 “Xiaoshan District Science and Technology Plan Project” Research on Monitoring and Early warning Technology of Xiaoshan White Shrimp in Hangzhou. White prawn is a kind of broad, warm and broad-salt shrimp. Although it has strong adaptability to the environment, its biological characteristics are complex and sensitive, with high environmental requirements. The changes of meteorological factors are closely related to the stability of the environment, and the temperature is the most influential factor. The outside temperature is too high or too low, so that the amount of white shrimp decreased, so that the production drops sharply, caus-ing serious economic losses to farmers. Open-air farming of white shrimp often occurs in high and low temperature disasters. The greenhouse has the temperature regulation capacity, which can provide a suitable microclimate environment for white prawn cultivation, reduce the frequency of temperature disasters, and improve the output. At the same time, the greenhouse breeding can effectively extend the breeding time and increase the economic benefits. The insulation effect and temperature regulation ability of greenhouses can effectively reduce the risk of high and low temperature disasters in the breeding process of white prawns, but the frequency of disasters is still large, which seriously affects the output and quality of white prawns in greenhouses. At present, the meteorological department usually only release the atmospheric environment temperature, and how to determine and predict the temperature in the shed according to the environmental factors outside the shed is the focus of attention at present. Outside shed breeding white shrimp is affected by meteorological factors, in order to improve the white shrimp production of white shrimp, green-house farming is the most effective method, greenhouse microclimate is the key to affect the greenhouse white shrimp production, affected by the season and weather type, greenhouse micro-climate difference is larger, the temperature is the microclimate of the most significant white shrimp production factor. Therefore, many experts and scholars have carried out a lot of exploration and research on the greenhouse white prawn microclimate research and the monitoring and early warning of high and low temperature disasters, and have made some research progress in the international community.