杭州植物园珍稀濒危植物迁地保护与园林应用

Ex Situ Conservation and Landscape Application of Rare and Endangered Plants in Hangzhou Botanical Garden

为加强杭州植物园珍稀濒危植物迁地保护及园林应用工作,通过实地调查和资料整理,对杭州植物园珍稀濒危植物的种类、组成和多样性进行分析与评估,并就其园林应用形式进行总结归类,以期为日后珍稀濒危植物保护与利用提供参考。结果显示:(1) 杭州植物园迁地保育了珍稀濒危植物共计49科91属143种,均为国家重点保护野生植物。其中,一级保护34种,二级保护109种;列入濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约附录的有39种。濒危等级可以分为6个等级,极危等级(CR) 25种,占17.48%;濒危等级(EN) 39种,占27.27%;易危等级(VU) 52种,占36.36%;近危等级(NT) 10种,占6.99%;无危等级(LC) 15种,10.49%;数据缺乏(DD) 2种,1.40%。(2) 园林应用方面,植物以乔木居多,占44.76%,其次是多年生草本,占32.17%;观叶植物(87.41%)和观形植物(86.71%)比例最高;珍稀濒危植物的应用形式多样。最后,本文就杭州植物园珍稀濒危植物的保护和推广应用工作提出改进建议:(1) 完善基础设施,提高物种适应性;(2) 扩大资源收集,确保遗传多样性;(3) 加强监测管理,掌握动态变化;(4) 构建评价体系,筛选优良种类;(5) 加强引种驯化,开展资源扩繁;(6) 创新应用形式,展现植物风采。In order to strengthen the ex situ conversation and landscape application of rare and endangered plants in Hangzhou Botanical Garden, through field investigation and data collection, the species, composition and diversity of rare and endangered plants in Hangzhou Botanical Garden were analyzed and evaluated, and their landscape application forms were summarized and classified, which will provide reference for the conversation and application of rare and endangered plants in the future. The results showed that: (1) Hangzhou Botanical Garden has conserved a total of 143 species of rare and endangered plants from 91 genera and 49 families of rare and endangered plants, all of which are Chinese key protected wild plants, including 34 first-class protected plants and 109 second-class protected plants. Among them, 39 species were listed in the IUCN Red List threatened species. They could be divided into 5 categories, among which 25 belong with the Critically Endangered (CR) species, accounting for 17.48%, 39 belong with the Endangered (EN) species, accounting for 27.27%, 52 belong with the Vulnerable (VU) species, accounting for 36.36%, 10 belong with Near Threatened species, accounting for 6.99%, 15 belong with the Least Concern (LC) species, accounting for 10.49%, whereas 2 belong with the Data Deficiency (DD) species which accounts for 1.40%. (2) In terms of garden applications, the major of plant growth types are trees, accounting for 44.76%, followed by perennial herbs, accounting for 32.17%;foliage plants (87.41%) and ornamental plants (86.71%) account for the highest proportions;rare and endangered plants are used in various forms. Finally, the article puts forward suggestions and strategies for the protection, promotion and application of rare and endangered plants in Hangzhou Botanical Garden: (1) Improve infrastructure and improve species adaptability;(2) Expand resource collection to ensure genetic diversity;(3) Strengthen monitoring and management to grasp dynamic changes;(4) Build an evaluation system to select excellent species;(5) Strengthen introduction and domestication, carry out Resource expansion;(6) Innovate application forms to show the charm of plants.