D-丝氨酸与丝氨酸消旋酶

D-Serine and Serine Racemase

D-丝氨酸主要存在于哺乳动物的前脑,海马区和纹状体,作为胶质细胞释放的神经递质,作用于NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor)受体,引起中枢神经系统中信号的传导。在突触可塑性,学习和记忆等方面起重要作用。丝氨酸消旋酶是一种磷酸吡多醛依赖酶,在ATP和Mg2+的辅助下,通过消旋作用将L型丝氨酸转变为D型丝氨酸。对于神经及精神性疾病,丝氨酸消旋酶可能是一个新的治疗靶点。本文从D-丝氨酸和丝氨酸消旋酶的结构性质,作用机理,功能,调控等方面进行了阐述。

D-serine mainly distributed in the mammalian forebrain, hippocampus and striatum, which as neurotransmit-ters from glial cells, target at NMDA receptors, and cause central nervous system signal transduction. A new neuro-transmitter of D-serine is found playing an important role in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Serine racemase (SR) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of L- and D-serine. Serine racemase may be a new target for the neurological and psychiatric diseases. In this review, the recent advances in D-serine and serine racemase with the aspects of structure, function, mechanism and regulation will be discussed.