臭氧暴露生物标志物研究探讨

Research on Biomarkers of Ozone Exposure

臭氧(O3)暴露可引起呼吸、心血管循环等组织或器官的损伤,且伴随O3暴露浓度升高、时间延长,细胞凋亡率升高,组织毒性不断增强。然而目前O3致生物损伤的潜在分子机制还未能被充分认识。生物分子标志物以其高灵敏性、特异性和预警性等特点,已成为在分子毒理学、预防医学、环境医学中研究的重要工具。本文通过综述探讨O3生物毒性评价的生物标志物的主要类型,及其在机体中的作用机制及其应用现状。O3暴露致机体损伤的分子标志物可分为三类:1) 炎症反应生物标志物,包括炎症细胞(如巨噬细胞、白细胞)和炎症因子(如IL-1β、IFN-γ、TNF-α)。2) 氧化应激生物标志物,包括脂质过氧化生物标志物(如MDA、4HNE、iNOS)、抗氧化防御系统生物标志物(如GSH、HSP、Nrf2)。3) 细胞信号通路因子(如Nrf2、NF-κB、TLR、MAPK)。生物标志物的连续监测可预防O3致生物损伤的进一步发展,并为O3致生物损伤机制提供新的研究思路。

Ozone (O3) exposure can cause damage to tissues or organs such as respiration and cardiovascular circulation, and with the increase of O3 exposure concentration and time, the apoptosis rate increases, and the tissue toxicity continues to increase. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of O3-induced biological damage has not been fully understood. Biomarkers have become an important tool in molecular toxicology, preventive medicine and environmental medicine because of their high sensitivity, specificity and early warning. This paper discusses the main types of biomarkers for O3 biotoxicity evaluation, their mechanism of action in the body and their application status through a review. The molecular markers of body damage caused by O3 exposure can be divided into three categories: 1) Inflammatory biomarkers, including inflammatory cells (e.g., macrophages, leukocytes) and inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α). 2) Oxidative stress biomarkers, including lipid peroxidation biomarkers (such as MDA, 4HNE, iNOS), and antioxidant defense system biomarkers (such as GSH, HSP, Nrf2). 3) Cell signaling pathway factors (such as Nrf2, NF-κB, TLR, MAPK). Continuous monitoring of biomarkers can prevent the further development of O3-induced biological damage and provide new research ideas for the mechanism of O3-induced biological damage.