胰岛β细胞去分化模型的研究进展

Advances in Dedifferentiation Models of Pancreatic β Cells

二型糖尿病是具有遗传倾向的多病因的慢性代谢性疾病,长期糖脂代谢紊乱引发的β细胞衰竭会引起多种并发症。针对二型糖尿病的以往研究主要关注于降低血糖和胰岛素增敏。但随着胰岛β细胞去分化的发现,实现胰岛β细胞的内源性更新成为二型糖尿病领域新的研究方向。促进去分化的胰岛β细胞再生,建立β细胞质量和功能的稳态对于二型糖尿病早期的治疗具有很大的前景,而对于胰岛β细胞去分化药物的筛选及评价需要建立合理有效的实验模型。本综述通过详细介绍胰岛β细胞及其去分化的可能机制、模型建立及相关研究方法,为胰岛β细胞去分化的研究提供思路方法。

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with genetic predisposition and multiple etiology. The β-cell failure caused by long-term disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism can lead to many complications. Previous studies on type 2 diabetes have focused on lowering blood sugar and insulin sensitization. However, with the discovery of dedifferentiation of islet beta cells, endogenous renewal of islet beta cells has become a new research direction in type 2 diabetes. Promoting the regeneration of dedifferentiated pancreatic β cells and establishing the homeostasis of β cell mass and function have great prospects for the early treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, it is necessary to establish a reasonable and effective experimental model for the screening and evaluation of drugs for dedifferentiated pancreatic β cells. In this review, the possible mechanism, model establishment and related research methods of islet beta cells and their dedifferentiation are introduced in detail, so as to provide ideas and methods for the study of islet beta cell dedifferentiation.