纳米材料在土壤重金属污染处理中的应用

Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals by Using Nanomaterials

应用纳米材料解决土壤重金属污染的问题是当前的研究热点。本文分别介绍了纳米黏土矿物、纳米炭材料、纳米金属与金属氧化物及其复合材料作为钝化剂在土壤重金属污染治理中的应用研究现状。同时指出,纳米材料作为钝化剂还需要加强三个方面的研究。一是钝化机理的研究,特别是研究重金属离子之间竞争吸附行为,以及纳米钝化剂与土壤中介质或钝化剂之间的协同作用机制;同时吸附动力学分析应结合吸附机理进行。其二是加强纳米钝化剂对环境可能产生的二次污染的影响研究。最后指出土壤重金属污染的长效性还有待研究,同时需要开展大量的原土实验研究。

Nanomaterials using as remediation agents of soil contaminated with heavy metals were reviewed including nano-mineral, nano-char, nano metal and metallic oxide as well as their composites. When nanomaterials are used as remediation agents of contaminated soil, there are three aspects need to be further explored. First is remediation mechanism, especially synergism or antagonism between remediation agents, heavy metals and soil. It is also suggested that adsorption kinetics should be analyzed at incorporation of adsorption mechanism. The second is the influence on secondary pollution deriving from remediation agents. And the last one is long-term immobilization efficiency of remediation agents. At the same time, an amount of research should be focused on plot experiments.