环境持久性自由基的特征及环境化学行为研究进展

Research Progress on Characteristics and Environmental Chemical Behavior of Environmental Persistent Free Radicals

环境持久性自由基(Environmental Persistent Free Radicals, EPFRs)是一种新型且具有潜在环境风险的物质。与短寿命自由基相比,其具有较强的环境持久性,可以在介质中长期存在,甚至不消失。它可以破坏人体的正常细胞,诱发DNA突变,导致肺功能障碍,加快人体衰老速度,提高患病的几率。同时,含有EPFRs的活性物质还可能对污染物有直接或间接的降解作用。目前对于EPFRs的研究尚处于起步阶段。本文讲述了EPFRs的形成机制、测试方法、半衰期、存在介质、影响因素以及催化降解作用,重点论述了判定EPFRs类型的方法以及其形成路径——前驱体分子与过渡金属之间的电子得失,其次论述了环境持久性自由基在固体、液体和气体介质中均存在,最后展望了EPFRs的研究前景,包括反应条件对EPFRs产量和类型的影响以及EPFRs对有机或无机污染物转化的影响。

Environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are a new type of substances with potential environmental risks. Compared with short-lived free radicals, they are found to stay in the medium for a long time, and even do not disappear because of their strong environmental persistence. They can damage the normal cells of the human body, induce DNA mutations, lead to pulmonary dysfunction, accelerate the aging of humans and increase the risk of disease. At the same time, the active substances containing EPFRs may degrade pollutants directly or indirectly. However, the research about them is still in its infancy. The formation mechanism, testing methods, half-life, existing media, influencing factors and catalytic degradation of EPFRs are described in this paper. It focuses on the determination method of EPFRs type and the formation path of EPFRs—electronic gain and loss between precursor molecule and transition metal. Secondly, the existences of EPFRs in solid, liquid and gas are discussed. Finally, the future research prospects of EPFRs are prospected, including the influence of reaction conditions on the yield and type of EPFRs and the influence of EPFRs on the transformation of organic or inorganic pollutants.