除氯技术在水处理中的研究进展

Research Progress of Chloride Removal Technology in Water Treatment

由水体中Cl−浓度过高所引起的盐碱化问题已成为当今严重且普遍的环境问题之一。这篇综述旨在提供全面和最新的除氯技术的知识和见解。目前,除氯方法主要有化学沉淀法、吸附法、膜分离技术和高级氧化技术。在化学沉淀法中,Cl−通过形成CuCl、AgCl和BiOCl沉淀而被去除。用于除氯的吸附剂主要有离子交换剂、双金属氧化物和碳基电极。高级氧化技术(AOPs)包括臭氧AOPs、电化学AOPs和过硫酸盐AOPs。膜分离除氯技术包括扩散渗析、纳滤和反渗透。这些除氯技术仍存在诸多不足之处。因此,寻找更有效的除氯方法仍然是一个重要且具有挑战性的问题。

Salinization caused by the high concentration of Cl− in water has become one of the most serious and common environmental problems. This review aims to provide comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge and insights on chloride removal technologies. At present, the main methods of chlorine removal are chemical precipitation, adsorption, membrane separation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In chemical precipitation, Cl− is removed by forming CuCl, AgCl, and BiOCl precipitates. The main adsorbents used for chlorine removal are ion exchangers, bimetallic oxides and carbon-based electrodes. AOPs include ozone-based AOPs, electrochemical-based AOPs, and peroxymonosulfate-based AOPs. Membrane separation processes include diffusion dialysis, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. These chloride removal processes still have many short-comings. Therefore, finding more effective methods of chloride removal remains an important and challenging issue.